紅外線污染問題
紅外線(紅外線溫度測試儀)近年來在軍事、人(ren)造(zao)(zao)衛(wei)星以及工業(ye)、衛(wei)生、科研等(deng)方面的應用日益(yi)廣泛(fan),因此(ci)紅(hong)(hong)外(wai)線(xian)污染(ran)問題也隨之產生。紅(hong)(hong)外(wai)線(xian)是(shi)一種熱(re)輻射,對人(ren)體可造(zao)(zao)成高溫(wen)傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)(hai)(hai)。較強的紅(hong)(hong)外(wai)線(xian)可造(zao)(zao)成皮(pi)膚傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)(hai)(hai),其情(qing)(qing)況與(yu)燙傷(shang)(shang)相(xiang)似,最初(chu)是(shi)灼痛(tong),然(ran)后是(shi)造(zao)(zao)成燒(shao)(shao)傷(shang)(shang)。紅(hong)(hong)外(wai)線(xian)對眼(yan)(yan)的傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)(hai)(hai)有(you)幾(ji)種不(bu)同(tong)情(qing)(qing)況,波長(chang)為7500~13000埃(ai)的紅(hong)(hong)外(wai)線(xian)對眼(yan)(yan)角膜(mo)的透過(guo)率較高,可造(zao)(zao)成眼(yan)(yan)底視網(wang)膜(mo)的傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)(hai)(hai)。尤其是(shi)11000埃(ai)附近的紅(hong)(hong)外(wai)線(xian),可使眼(yan)(yan)的前部介質(角膜(mo)晶體等(deng))不(bu)受損害(hai)(hai)(hai)而直(zhi)接造(zao)(zao)成眼(yan)(yan)底視網(wang)膜(mo)燒(shao)(shao)傷(shang)(shang)。波長(chang)19000埃(ai)以上(shang)的紅(hong)(hong)外(wai)線(xian),幾(ji)乎全部被角膜(mo)吸(xi)收,會造(zao)(zao)成角膜(mo)燒(shao)(shao)傷(shang)(shang)(混濁、白斑)。波長(chang)大于(yu) 14000埃(ai)的紅(hong)(hong)外(wai)線(xian)的能(neng)量(liang)絕大部分被角膜(mo)和眼(yan)(yan)內液所(suo)吸(xi)收,透不(bu)到虹膜(mo)。只是(shi)13000埃(ai)以下的紅(hong)(hong)外(wai)線(xian)才能(neng)透到虹膜(mo),造(zao)(zao)成虹膜(mo)傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)(hai)(hai)。人(ren)眼(yan)(yan)如果長(chang)期(qi)暴露于(yu)紅(hong)(hong)外(wai)線(xian)可能(neng)引起(qi)白內障(zhang)。
紅外線(xian)可以人為制造,自然界(jie)中也廣泛存(cun)在,在焊(han)接過程(cheng)中也會(hui)產生,危害焊(han)工眼部健康;一般(ban)的生物都會(hui)輻射(she)出(chu)紅外線(xian),體(ti)現(xian)出(chu)來的宏觀效應(ying)就(jiu)是熱(re)度。
我們知道(dao),熱產生(sheng)的原因,是(shi)組成物(wu)質的粒子做不規則運動.這(zhe)個運動同時也(ye)輻(fu)射出電磁波,這(zhe)些電磁波大(da)部分都是(shi)紅外線。?
1.太陽光(guang)到(dao)了晚(wan)上的(de)(de)確是(shi)幾乎沒有了,但是(shi)地球上的(de)(de)物(wu)質都會(hui)輻射紅(hong)外(wai)(wai)線(xian)(xian),有的(de)(de)強(qiang)烈有的(de)(de)平靜。紅(hong)外(wai)(wai)線(xian)(xian)照相(xiang)是(shi)通(tong)過接(jie)收各種物(wu)質發出的(de)(de)紅(hong)外(wai)(wai)線(xian)(xian),再(zai)把他們展現出來,但是(shi)其本身不是(shi)通(tong)過發出紅(hong)外(wai)(wai)線(xian)(xian)來照相(xiang)的(de)(de)。?
2.紅(hong)(hong)(hong)外(wai)線(xian)透視和夜(ye)視是(shi)分別(bie)利(li)用了紅(hong)(hong)(hong)外(wai)線(xian)的不同性質。前面的夜(ye)視是(shi)因為人(ren)的肉眼不能看(kan)見(jian)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)外(wai)線(xian),而特殊設計的照相機和夜(ye)視儀卻專門(men)接受紅(hong)(hong)(hong)外(wai)線(xian),所(suo)以會出現我們覺得一片漆黑(hei),而相機卻能拍到東西,因為實際上(shang)到處都是(shi)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)外(wai)線(xian),對(dui)于(yu)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)外(wai)照相機和夜(ye)視儀來講是(shi)一片光明(ming)。?
透視則是利用紅外線的波長比可見光要長,可以穿過一些可見光不能通過的面料(比如混棉和尼龍),所以通過一定的選擇濾波,可以得到這些面料后面的圖像。
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