紫外線與輻射的關系
紫外線的概念:紫外線是電磁波譜中波長從0.01-0.40微米輻射的總稱。紫外線的波長愈短,對人類皮膚危害越大。短波紫外線可穿過真皮,中波則可進入真皮。?
輻射的概念(nian):自然界中的一切物體,只要溫度(du)在(zai)(zai)絕對溫度(du)零度(du)以(yi)上,都(dou)以(yi)電磁波(bo)的形(xing)式(shi)時(shi)刻不停地(di)向(xiang)外(wai)傳(chuan)(chuan)送(song)熱量,這種傳(chuan)(chuan)送(song)能(neng)量的方式(shi)稱(cheng)(cheng)為輻射。物體通過輻射所放(fang)出的能(neng)量,稱(cheng)(cheng)為輻射能(neng),簡稱(cheng)(cheng)輻射。? 輻射是以(yi)電磁波(bo)的形(xing)式(shi)向(xiang)外(wai)放(fang)散的。是以(yi)波(bo)動的形(xing)式(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)播(bo)能(neng)量。無線電波(bo)和光波(bo)都(dou)是電磁波(bo)。它(ta)們的傳(chuan)(chuan)播(bo)速度(du)很快,在(zai)(zai)真空(kong)中的傳(chuan)(chuan)播(bo)速度(du)與光波(bo)相同(tong),在(zai)(zai)空(kong)氣中稍(shao)慢(man)一些。
紫(zi)(zi)外線(xian)輻(fu)射(she)是(shi)太陽輻(fu)射(she)的一部分。紫(zi)(zi)外線(xian)輻(fu)射(she)的強弱受多種因素的影響。
1、太(tai)陽高度:太(tai)陽在空中越高,紫外(wai)線(xian)輻射水平(ping)就(jiu)越高。?
2、緯度:越接近赤道(dao),紫外線輻射(she)水(shui)平就越高。?
3、云量:在(zai)晴朗無(wu)云的天空,紫(zi)外線輻(fu)(fu)射水(shui)平最高(gao)。但(dan)是,即使有云層,紫(zi)外線輻(fu)(fu)射水(shui)平也可以很高(gao)。
4、海拔高度:海拔高度每升高1000米,紫外線輻射強度增加約5%。?
? ? ? ?5、臭氧:臭氧吸收一些太陽紫外線輻射。當臭氧層消失時,更多的紫外線輻射到達地球表面。?
6、地面反射:許多表面物體反射陽光,增加了紫外線總體暴露水平(例如,草、土壤和水反射不到10%的紫外線輻射;新鮮的雪反射多達80%;干沙灘反射15%,海水泡沫反射25%)。
? ? ? ?電(dian)磁(ci)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)是由(you)不同波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)組成(cheng)的(de)合成(cheng)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。它(ta)的(de)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)范圍從(cong)(cong)10E-10微米(mi)(1微米(mi)=10E-4厘(li)米(mi))的(de)宇宙線(xian)(xian)(xian)到波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)達幾(ji)公里(li)的(de)無線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。γ射線(xian)(xian)(xian)、X射線(xian)(xian)(xian)、紫(zi)(zi)(zi)外線(xian)(xian)(xian)、可(ke)(ke)見光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)、紅外線(xian)(xian)(xian),超短(duan)(duan)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)和(he)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)無線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)都屬于(yu)(yu)電(dian)磁(ci)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)的(de)范圍。肉眼看(kan)得見的(de)是電(dian)磁(ci)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)中很短(duan)(duan)的(de)一(yi)段,從(cong)(cong)0.4-0.76微米(mi)這部分稱(cheng)為(wei)可(ke)(ke)見光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)。可(ke)(ke)見光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)經(jing)三棱鏡分光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)后(hou),成(cheng)為(wei)一(yi)條(tiao)由(you)紅、橙(cheng)、黃(huang)、綠、青、藍、紫(zi)(zi)(zi)七種顏色(se)組成(cheng)的(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)帶,這光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)帶稱(cheng)為(wei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)譜。其中紅光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)最長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),紫(zi)(zi)(zi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)最短(duan)(duan),其它(ta)各色(se)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)則依次介(jie)于(yu)(yu)其間(jian)。波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)于(yu)(yu)紅光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(>0.76微米(mi))有紅外線(xian)(xian)(xian)有無線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo);波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)短(duan)(duan)于(yu)(yu)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)色(se)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(林上科(ke)技(ji),有生產專業的(de)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)外線(xian)(xian)(xian)測量儀器(qi)。
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